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Differential Diagnosis for Fever with Lymphadenopathy

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono): Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), this condition is characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, and fatigue, making it a common and likely diagnosis in patients presenting with these symptoms.

Other Likely Diagnoses

  • Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that can cause fever and lymphadenopathy, especially in individuals who have been exposed to TB or have a weakened immune system.
  • Lymphoma: Both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma can present with fever and lymphadenopathy, and are important considerations in the differential diagnosis.
  • Influenza or Other Viral Infections: Seasonal influenza and other viral infections can cause fever and lymphadenopathy, particularly during peak viral seasons.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • HIV Infection: Acute HIV infection can present with fever and lymphadenopathy, and it is crucial to consider this diagnosis due to its significant implications for patient management and public health.
  • Cat-Scratch Disease: Caused by Bartonella henselae, this infection can lead to fever and lymphadenopathy, especially in individuals who have been scratched by a cat.
  • Lymphogranuloma Venereum: A sexually transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which can cause fever, lymphadenopathy, and other systemic symptoms.

Rare Diagnoses

  • Castleman Disease: A rare disorder that can cause fever, lymphadenopathy, and other systemic symptoms, often associated with lymphoproliferative disorders.
  • Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A rare, self-limiting condition that presents with fever and lymphadenopathy, more commonly seen in young women.
  • Sarcoidosis: An autoimmune disease that can cause fever, lymphadenopathy, and other systemic symptoms, although it is less commonly associated with these specific symptoms compared to other manifestations like pulmonary involvement.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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