What is the procedure for hallux valgus (bunion) removal?

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Last updated: March 12, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Bunion removal, or bunionectomy, is a surgical procedure that should only be considered when conservative treatments like wider shoes, padding, orthotics, and pain medications fail to provide relief from pain and difficulty walking, as recommended by the most recent study 1. The procedure involves removing the enlarged portion of bone, realigning the big toe, and sometimes restructuring surrounding tissues. Key considerations for the procedure include:

  • Initial treatment of symptomatic bunions should be non-operative, with accommodative footwear and evidence supporting the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, orthotics, splints/braces, and toe spacers 2
  • Referral to an orthopaedic surgeon is recommended if the patient has a painful prominence, has exhausted non-operative treatment, and is a suitable operative candidate 2
  • Smoking is a relative contraindication to surgery, and cessation is recommended 2 Recovery takes about 6-8 weeks, with initial healing requiring elevation, ice application, and limited weight-bearing using crutches or a special shoe. Pain management typically includes prescription medications like oxycodone or hydrocodone for 3-5 days, followed by over-the-counter options like acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as studied in 3. Some key points to consider when deciding on bunion removal include:
  • The severity of symptoms and lifestyle impact
  • Expected outcomes and potential risks, including infection, nerve damage, and recurrence
  • The importance of thorough discussion with a podiatrist or orthopedic surgeon before making a decision It is essential to weigh the potential benefits and risks of bunion removal and consider conservative treatments before opting for surgery, as highlighted in 4.

References

Research

Bunions: A review of management.

Australian journal of general practice, 2020

Research

Forefoot disorders and conservative treatment.

Yeungnam University journal of medicine, 2019

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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