Differential Diagnosis for Necrotizing Small Lesions All Over the Body in a Young Man
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Vasculitis (e.g., Henoch-Schönlein purpura, granulomatosis with polyangiitis): This is a likely diagnosis due to the presence of necrotizing lesions, which can be a manifestation of small vessel vasculitis. The condition often presents with skin lesions, but can also affect other organs.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Infectious diseases (e.g., meningococcemia, staphylococcal or streptococcal sepsis): These conditions can cause necrotizing lesions due to bacterial invasion and toxin production. The presence of fever, shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation may support this diagnosis.
- Autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis): Although less common, autoimmune disorders can cause vasculitis and subsequent necrotizing lesions.
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS): These conditions are characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure, which can lead to necrotizing lesions.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Meningococcemia: This is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate attention. The presence of necrotizing lesions, fever, and shock should prompt consideration of this diagnosis.
- Sepsis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae or other bacteria: Disseminated gonococcal infection can cause necrotizing lesions, and prompt treatment is essential to prevent long-term sequelae.
- Cancer (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma): Although rare, certain types of cancer can cause necrotizing lesions, and a delay in diagnosis can have significant consequences.
Rare Diagnoses
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: This genetic disorder can cause fragile skin and blood vessels, leading to necrotizing lesions.
- Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: A rare genetic disorder that affects the elastic fibers in the skin, leading to necrotizing lesions and other systemic manifestations.
- Calciphylaxis: A rare condition characterized by calcification of small blood vessels, leading to necrotizing lesions, often in patients with end-stage renal disease.