Does canola oil induce inflammation in the gut microbiome?

From the Guidelines

Canola oil is not definitively proven to be inflammatory to the gut microbiome, though some research suggests it may have negative effects, particularly when consumed in large quantities or heated to high temperatures, as indicated by recent studies 1. The current evidence suggests that canola oil, which contains omega-6 fatty acids, may promote inflammatory pathways in the body when consumed in disproportionate amounts compared to omega-3 fatty acids. Additionally, highly processed canola oil may contain trans fats and oxidized compounds that could negatively impact gut health. Some key points to consider:

• A balanced diet that is low in inflammatory foods can strengthen the immune system, as noted in a study published in Gut Microbes 1.
• Diets high in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats may decrease the number of beneficial bacteria in the stomach, while increasing the number of potentially harmful bacteria, as suggested by research in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1.
• Certain dietary components, such as prebiotics and probiotics, have regulatory effects on people with inflammatory diseases, and may help promote a healthy and diverse gut microbiota, as discussed in Advances in Nutrition 1. For those concerned about potential inflammatory effects, alternatives like extra virgin olive oil, avocado oil, or coconut oil might be better choices for cooking and food preparation. It is essential to note that moderation is key with any oil consumption, and incorporating a variety of healthy fats in the diet helps maintain a balanced gut microbiome. If you have specific gut health concerns, paying attention to how your body responds to different oils and consulting with a healthcare provider can help determine what works best for your individual situation, as the relationship between nutrition and immune health is complex and influenced by genetics and lifestyle, as highlighted in a study published in Gut Microbes 1.

From the Research

Canola Oil and Gut Microbiome

• The study 2 investigated the effects of different oil blends, including canola oil, on the intestinal microbiota in volunteers with a risk of metabolic syndrome.
• The results showed that while the oil treatments did not alter bacterial phyla composition, the body mass index (BMI) of the participants was a predominant factor in characterizing the human gut microbiota profile.
• The study found that monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich diets, such as canola oil, elevated the populations of certain bacteria, including Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Turicibacter, and Enterobacteriaceae.
• However, there is no direct evidence from this study to suggest that canola oil induces inflammation in the gut microbiome.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Inflammation

• The study 3 reviewed the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and the contribution of the gut microbiome.
• The results suggested that omega-3 PUFAs mediate anti-inflammatory effects in IBD through various mechanisms, including suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways and promotion of a balanced gut microbiome environment.
• The study 4 also reviewed the use of omega-3 fatty acids in preventing and controlling chronic inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis, through gut microbiota modulation.
• However, these studies do not specifically address the effects of canola oil on inflammation in the gut microbiome.

Gut Microbiota and Inflammation

• The study 5 investigated the effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid-rich flaxseed oil on atherosclerosis and gut microbiota in mice.
• The results showed that flaxseed oil ameliorated atherosclerotic lesions and reduced chronic systemic/vascular inflammatory cytokines, and improved gut integrity and permeability.
• The study suggested that the intestinal microbiota contributed to the effects of flaxseed oil on atherosclerosis.
• However, this study does not directly address the effects of canola oil on inflammation in the gut microbiome.

Dietary Modeling and Fatty Acid Intakes

• The study 6 examined the effect of substituting canola oil for other vegetable oils on energy, fatty acid, and cholesterol intakes among US adults.
• The results showed that substituting canola oil for other oils decreased saturated fatty acid intake and increased monounsaturated fatty acid and alpha-linolenic acid intakes.
• However, this study does not address the effects of canola oil on inflammation in the gut microbiome.