Vaginal Yeast Infection (Candidiasis): This is the most common cause of white discharge, characterized by a thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge, often accompanied by itching and irritation of the vulva and vagina.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Although BV typically presents with a thin, grayish-white discharge, it can sometimes appear white. It's associated with an imbalance of vaginal bacteria and can cause a fishy odor.
Trichomoniasis: This sexually transmitted infection can cause a white, yellowish, or greenish discharge with a strong odor. It's often accompanied by itching, burning, and redness of the vagina and vulva.
Physiological Discharge: A normal, non-pathological discharge that can be white or clear, often seen in response to hormonal changes, particularly during the menstrual cycle or pregnancy.

Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted infection that can cause a white or cloudy discharge in women, often accompanied by pelvic pain, burning during urination, and other symptoms. Missing this diagnosis can lead to severe complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Chlamydia: Similar to gonorrhea, chlamydia can cause a white discharge and is a common sexually transmitted infection. It can lead to PID and infertility if not treated promptly.
Cervical Cancer: Although rare, a white discharge can be a symptom of cervical cancer, especially if it's accompanied by other symptoms like abnormal vaginal bleeding. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.

Foreign Body: The presence of a foreign object in the vagina can cause a white discharge, often with a foul odor. This is more common in young girls who may insert objects into their vagina out of curiosity.
Desquamative Inflammatory Vaginitis (DIV): A rare condition characterized by a thick, white discharge and significant inflammation of the vagina. The exact cause is unknown, but it's thought to be related to an autoimmune response or an allergic reaction.