Differential Diagnosis for Liver Calcifications on Ultrasound in Newborns
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Congenital Infection (e.g., CMV, Toxoplasmosis, Rubella): These infections are known to cause liver calcifications in newborns due to in utero transmission. CMV is the most common cause of congenital infection and can lead to various manifestations, including liver calcifications.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Neonatal Hepatitis: This condition can cause liver calcifications, although it's less common. It can be due to various causes, including infections, metabolic disorders, or idiopathic reasons.
- Hemochromatosis: Although rare in newborns, this genetic disorder can lead to liver calcifications due to iron overload.
- Biliary Atresia: This condition involves obstruction of the bile ducts and can lead to liver damage and calcifications.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Galactosemia: A genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to metabolize galactose, leading to liver dysfunction and potential calcifications. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent long-term complications.
- Tyrosinemia: A rare genetic disorder that can cause liver failure and calcifications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve outcomes.
- Zellweger Spectrum Disorder: A group of rare genetic disorders that affect peroxisome function, leading to liver disease and calcifications.
Rare Diagnoses
- Congenital Malformations (e.g., Choledochal Cysts): These rare malformations can cause liver calcifications due to abnormal bile duct formation.
- Mucopolysaccharidosis: A group of rare genetic disorders that can cause liver disease and calcifications due to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans.
- Infantile Cholestasis: A rare condition characterized by impaired bile flow, which can lead to liver calcifications and other complications.