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青春期前男孩双侧睾丸切除手术流程

青春期前男孩的双侧睾丸切除手术通常通过阴囊中线切口进行,这种方法提供最佳的手术视野和对两侧睾丸的良好接触,同时最大限度地减少并发症风险。

手术适应症与伦理考虑

在非自愿情况下进行的青春期前男孩双侧睾丸切除手术需要严格的医学适应症,可能包括:

  • 严重的睾丸畸形或功能障碍
  • 某些特定医疗状况的治疗需要

手术前准备

  • 全面评估患者的整体健康状况
  • 术前实验室检查(血常规、凝血功能等)
  • 适当的麻醉评估,通常采用全身麻醉

手术切口选择

阴囊切口有三种主要选择:

  1. 中线切口:最常用于双侧睾丸切除,提供对两侧睾丸的良好接触,只需一个切口即可完成双侧手术 1
  2. 双侧切口:每侧睾丸各一个切口,创伤较大
  3. 单侧切口:通过一侧切口尝试接触对侧睾丸,视野受限

手术步骤

  1. 麻醉:通常采用全身麻醉
  2. 体位:患者取仰卧位,术区消毒铺巾
  3. 切口:在阴囊中线做一垂直切口,长约3-4厘米
  4. 分离组织:逐层切开皮肤、皮下组织和筋膜,暴露睾丸
  5. 睾丸识别:找到睾丸及其附属结构(附睾和精索)
  6. 精索处理
    • 分离精索血管和输精管
    • 在靠近腹股沟内环处结扎精索血管和输精管 1
    • 通常使用可吸收缝线(如聚乙交酯缝线)双重结扎
  7. 睾丸切除
    • 切断结扎后的精索
    • 从阴囊中取出睾丸和附睾
    • 对侧重复相同步骤
  8. 止血:仔细检查出血点并进行止血
  9. 关闭切口
    • 逐层缝合阴囊组织
    • 皮肤通常采用可吸收缝线缝合

术后管理

  • 阴囊部位冰敷24-48小时减轻肿胀
  • 适当镇痛药物管理
  • 观察切口愈合情况和可能的并发症
  • 术后1-2周复查

可能的并发症

  • 出血或血肿形成(发生率<2%)1
  • 伤口感染
  • 慢性疼痛
  • 长期并发症:骨质疏松、高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病风险增加 1
  • 心理影响:需要适当的心理支持和咨询

长期管理

  • 激素替代治疗:青春期后需要开始睾酮替代治疗以维持第二性征发育
  • 定期监测骨密度和心血管健康
  • 心理支持和随访

特殊注意事项

对于青春期前的男孩,双侧睾丸切除将导致终身性腺功能低下,需要终身激素替代治疗。手术应在多学科团队的参与下进行决策,并充分考虑手术的长期影响和替代治疗方案。

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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