Differential Diagnoses for Burning and Itching While Urinating
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): This is the most common cause of dysuria (painful urination) and itching, especially in women. Bacteria such as E. coli are often the culprit, leading to inflammation and irritation of the urinary tract.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Infections like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and herpes can cause burning and itching sensations during urination due to the inflammation and irritation they cause in the genital and urinary areas.
- Vaginal Yeast Infection: Though primarily causing vaginal discharge and itching, a yeast infection can also lead to discomfort during urination if the infection irritates the urinary tract.
- Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra, which can be caused by infection or irritation, leading to symptoms of burning during urination.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Kidney Stones: While not always causing itching, the severe pain and possible infection associated with kidney stones make this a critical diagnosis not to miss. The pain can sometimes be accompanied by burning during urination if an associated infection is present.
- Interstitial Cystitis: A chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain, and sometimes pelvic pain. The symptoms can mimic those of a UTI but require different management.
- Tuberculosis of the Urinary Tract: A rare but serious condition that can cause chronic symptoms including burning during urination, and is crucial not to miss due to its potential for severe consequences if left untreated.
Rare Diagnoses
- Bladder Cancer: Though rare, it can cause symptoms similar to those of a UTI, including painful urination. It's more common in older adults and those with risk factors such as smoking.
- Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia): A parasitic infection that can affect the urinary system, causing symptoms like painful urination. It's rare in most parts of the world but should be considered in travelers to or natives of endemic areas.
- Sjögren's Syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause dryness in various parts of the body, including the vagina and urinary tract, potentially leading to discomfort during urination.