What is the differential diagnosis for a patient with a blister on the tongue causing swelling?

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Differential Diagnosis for Blister on Tongue Causing Swelling

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis
    • Traumatic oral mucosa injury (e.g., bite, burn): This is the most likely diagnosis due to the common occurrence of accidental bites or burns to the tongue, which can cause blisters and swelling.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses
    • Aphthous ulcer: Although typically found on the inside of the cheeks, lips, or throat, aphthous ulcers can occasionally appear on the tongue and may resemble blisters.
    • Oral herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection: HSV can cause painful blisters on the tongue, especially during primary infection.
    • Allergic contact stomatitis: An allergic reaction to substances like food, toothpaste, or mouthwash can lead to blister-like lesions and swelling on the tongue.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses
    • Angioedema: A severe, potentially life-threatening condition that can cause rapid swelling of the tongue, which may be accompanied by blister-like lesions.
    • Erythema multiforme: A skin condition that can affect the mucous membranes, including the tongue, and may present with blisters and swelling.
    • Stevens-Johnson syndrome: A rare but serious disorder that can cause blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, including the tongue.
  • Rare Diagnoses
    • Pemphigus vulgaris: A chronic autoimmune skin disease that can cause blistering lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, including the tongue.
    • Bullous pemphigoid: Another autoimmune disease that can cause blistering lesions, although it is less common in the oral cavity.
    • Oral lichen planus: A chronic inflammatory condition that can cause white patches, redness, and blister-like lesions on the tongue and other mucous membranes.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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