What is the recommended dose of ampicillin (intravenous)?

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Intravenous Ampicillin Dosing Guidelines

The recommended intravenous dose of ampicillin for adults is 2 grams every 4-6 hours, with adjustments based on infection severity, patient characteristics, and renal function. 1

Adult Dosing

  • Standard adult dosing: 100-200 mg/kg/day divided every 6 hours (typically 1-2 grams every 6 hours) 2, 1
  • Severe infections: Up to 12 grams daily in divided doses every 4-6 hours 3, 1
  • Bacterial meningitis: 150-200 mg/kg/day in equally divided doses every 3-4 hours 1
  • Septicemia: 150-200 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 3-4 hours 1
  • Enterococcal infections: 12 grams IV daily continuously or in 6 divided doses 3

Pediatric Dosing

Neonatal Dosing (≤28 days):

Based on gestational age and postnatal age 2, 3, 1:

Postnatal Age Weight Recommended Dose
≤7 days ≤2000 g 50 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours
≤7 days >2000 g 75 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hours
>7 days <1200 g 50 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours
>7 days 1200-2000 g 75 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hours
>7 days >2000 g 100 mg/kg/day divided every 6 hours

Infants and Children:

  • Standard dosing: 100-200 mg/kg/day divided every 6 hours 2, 3, 1
  • Bacterial meningitis: 150-200 mg/kg/day in equally divided doses every 3-4 hours 1

Administration Guidelines

  • Direct IV administration: Reconstitute with appropriate diluent and administer slowly:
    • 250-500 mg vials: Administer over 3-5 minutes
    • 1-2 gram vials: Administer over 10-15 minutes 1
  • IV infusion: Dilute in compatible IV solutions (0.9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose) 1
  • Stability: Solutions maintain potency for up to 8 hours at room temperature or 24-48 hours when refrigerated 1

Special Considerations

Renal Impairment

  • Ampicillin half-life increases significantly with declining renal function 4
  • For severe renal impairment (CrCl 7-30 ml/min): Consider reducing frequency to twice daily 4
  • For hemodialysis patients: Administer every 24 hours, with doses given after hemodialysis on dialysis days 4

Duration of Therapy

  • Minimum of 48-72 hours beyond clinical improvement 1
  • For Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections: Minimum 10-day treatment course 1
  • For endocarditis: 4-6 weeks of therapy 2

Important Precautions

  • More rapid IV administration than recommended may result in seizures 1
  • Use freshly prepared solutions within one hour of preparation for optimal potency 1
  • For neonates, avoid using bacteriostatic water for injection as a diluent 1
  • Monitor for hypersensitivity reactions, particularly in patients with penicillin allergy

Following these guidelines will help ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects when administering intravenous ampicillin.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Antibiotic Treatment Guidelines

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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