From the Research
GLP-1 receptor agonists may have a potential role in reducing pain in rheumatoid arthritis, but the current evidence is limited and they are not FDA-approved for this specific use. The most recent and highest quality study on pain management in rheumatoid arthritis is a narrative review published in 2021 1, which highlights the multifactorial nature of pain in RA and the limited options for analgesic management. While DMARDs are the fundamental basis of treatment, a significant number of patients continue to have pain despite optimal treatment.
Current Treatment Options
- DMARDs are the mainstay of RA treatment, although many patients continue to experience pain despite optimal management 1
- Medications such as glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, topical capsaicin, and weak opioids are key elements when achieving analgesia in RA 1
- Other pharmacological groups such as neuromodulators, antidepressants, muscle relaxants, and cannabinoids currently do not have enough evidence to be recommended 1
Potential Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and liraglutide may help reduce pain in rheumatoid arthritis by decreasing inflammation and reducing body weight, which can lessen joint stress 2
- These medications should complement, not replace, standard rheumatoid arthritis treatments like DMARDs or biologics
- Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which often improve over time
Recommendation
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis should discuss the potential use of GLP-1 receptor agonists with their rheumatologist and endocrinologist, as research on their use for RA pain is still emerging. A stepwise algorithm for pain management in RA is proposed, which includes the use of DMARDs, glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, and other medications, as well as non-pharmacological interventions 1. Further research is needed to optimize analgesic treatment recommendations for RA patients.