Gingivitis: This is the most common cause of swollen gums and is often due to poor oral hygiene, leading to the accumulation of plaque and bacteria on the teeth.

Periodontitis: An infection of the gums that can cause swelling, redness, and bleeding. It's a progression of gingivitis and can lead to more severe complications if not treated.
Dental Abscess: A localized infection that can cause swelling and pain in the mouth and gums. It often requires urgent dental attention.
Allergic Reaction: An allergic reaction to food, medication, or dental materials can cause swelling in the mouth and gums.
Oral Infection: Infections such as herpetic stomatitis or oral thrush can cause swelling and discomfort in the mouth and gums.

Angioedema: A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause rapid swelling of the mouth, gums, and airways. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial.
Ludwig's Angina: A severe infection of the tissues in the neck that can cause swelling, pain, and difficulty swallowing. It's a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
Oral Cancer: Although less common, oral cancer can present with swelling, ulcers, or red and white patches in the mouth. Early detection is key to effective treatment.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A genetic disorder that can affect the connective tissue in the body, including the gums, leading to swelling and other oral manifestations.
Scurvy: A disease caused by vitamin C deficiency that can lead to swollen gums, among other symptoms.
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA): A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation and swelling in various parts of the body, including the mouth and gums.
Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome: A rare neurological disorder that can cause swelling of the face, lips, and gums, along with other symptoms like facial paralysis and the development of folds and furrows in the tongue.