Pulmonary Edema: This condition can present with neutrophil-rich fluid in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimen due to the inflammatory response and increased permeability of the pulmonary capillaries, even in the absence of infection.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Although often associated with infection, ARDS can also be caused by non-infectious factors such as trauma, burns, or inhalation injury, leading to a neutrophil-rich BAL fluid.
Eosinophilic Pneumonia: While eosinophils are more characteristic, some forms of eosinophilic pneumonia can present with a significant neutrophilic response, especially in the early stages or in certain variants.
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP): COP can sometimes present with a neutrophil-predominant BAL, especially if there's an associated infectious or inflammatory component.

Pulmonary Vasculitis (e.g., Wegener's Granulomatosis): These conditions can present with neutrophil-rich BAL fluid due to the inflammatory nature of the disease and can be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
Pulmonary Embolism with Infarction: While not typically associated with a significant neutrophilic response in BAL, in cases of pulmonary infarction, there can be an inflammatory response that includes neutrophils.

Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis: Metastatic disease to the lung can cause an inflammatory response that might include neutrophils in the BAL fluid, although this is less common.
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: This rare condition can sometimes present with an increased number of neutrophils in the BAL fluid, although the hallmark is the presence of proteinaceous material.
Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A rare disease that can cause a variety of pulmonary symptoms and might present with an abnormal BAL, including increased neutrophils, due to the inflammatory and destructive nature of the disease.