From the Guidelines
Whole milk is crucial for toddlers aged 1-2 years as it provides essential nutrients for their rapid growth and development, and its consumption should be prioritized over low-fat or skim milk during this period. The fat content in whole milk is vital for brain development, as approximately 60% of the brain is composed of fat, and toddlers' brains develop significantly during this period 1. Whole milk also supplies calcium and vitamin D for bone development, protein for muscle growth, and calories needed for energy. According to the most recent and highest quality study, low-fat or skim milk is not recommended for children under 2 years because they need the extra fat and calories for proper development 1.
After age 2, children can transition to reduced-fat milk if appropriate for their growth pattern, as recommended by the 2010 DGA and supported by studies such as 2 and 3. Some toddlers may have milk allergies or lactose intolerance, in which case fortified non-dairy alternatives like soy milk may be used, though these should contain adequate protein, calcium, and vitamin D to meet nutritional needs. The market for plant-based milk substitutes continues to grow, but there is insufficient evidence to support health benefits of certain plant-based milk substitutes above those of cow milk 1.
Key points to consider:
- Whole milk provides essential nutrients for toddlers' growth and development
- Fat content in whole milk is crucial for brain development
- Low-fat or skim milk is not recommended for children under 2 years
- Children can transition to reduced-fat milk after age 2 if appropriate for their growth pattern
- Fortified non-dairy alternatives can be used for children with milk allergies or lactose intolerance
- There is insufficient evidence to support health benefits of certain plant-based milk substitutes above those of cow milk 1.
It is essential to prioritize whole milk consumption for toddlers aged 1-2 years to ensure they receive the necessary nutrients for proper growth and development, and to consider individual growth patterns and potential allergies or intolerances when making dietary recommendations 2, 3, 1.
From the Research
Significance of Whole Milk for Toddler Nutrition
- Whole milk is recommended as the primary beverage for toddlers between one and two years of age 4
- It is essential to provide whole milk or other dairy products two or three times daily to toddlers 5
- Fat and cholesterol restriction should be avoided in children younger than two years, and whole milk can provide the necessary fat for their growth 5
- After two years of age, fat should account for 30 percent of total daily calories, with an emphasis on polyunsaturated fats, which can be found in whole milk 5
Nutritional Benefits of Whole Milk
- Whole milk is a rich source of calcium, vitamin D, and iron, which are essential for toddlers' growth and development 4, 6
- It also provides protein, which is necessary for building and repairing tissues in the body 6
- Whole milk can help support the development of strong bones and teeth in toddlers 7
Comparison with Other Milks
- Cow's milk is not suitable as a drink before 12 months of age, but whole milk can be introduced after one year 7
- Formula milks are available as an alternative to whole milk, but they may not provide the same nutritional benefits 7
- There is no clear evidence on which milk is suggested during the second year of life, but whole milk is a popular choice among parents 6