From the FDA Drug Label
Cefixime tablets and suspension, given orally, are about 40% to 50% absorbed whether administered with or without food; however, time to maximal absorption is increased approximately 0.8 hours when administered with food. Food reduces the absorption following administration of the capsule by approximately 15% based on AUC and 25% based on C max.
Food Effect on Absorption:
- The absorption of cefixime is not significantly affected by food, with an absorption rate of about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
- However, food can increase the time to maximal absorption by approximately 0.8 hours.
- For the capsule formulation, food reduces absorption by approximately 15% based on AUC and 25% based on C max. 1
From the Research
Most cephalosporin antibiotics can be taken with or without food, but specific recommendations vary by generation and individual medication. The absorption of cephalosporins can be affected by food, with some medications being better absorbed when taken with food, while others may have decreased absorption when taken with certain types of food or supplements 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Key Considerations
- First-generation cephalosporins like cephalexin (Keflex) can generally be taken without regard to meals.
- Second-generation cephalosporins such as cefuroxime (Ceftin) are better absorbed when taken with food.
- Third and fourth-generation cephalosporins have varying recommendations; for example, cefdinir absorption may decrease when taken with iron-rich foods or supplements.
- Some cephalosporins with extended-release formulations should be taken with food to maximize absorption and minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
Impact of Food on Absorption
Taking cephalosporins with food can help reduce stomach upset, which is a common side effect. However, food may slightly delay the peak concentration of the antibiotic in the bloodstream. It is essential to follow the specific instructions provided with the prescription, as absorption characteristics differ among individual cephalosporin medications, and healthcare providers may have specific recommendations based on the patient's condition and the particular cephalosporin prescribed 4.
Clinical Implications
The selection of a cephalosporin antibiotic should be based on the patient's specific needs, including the type of infection, the causative pathogen, and the patient's renal function 5. Cephalosporins with extended half-lives, such as ceftriaxone, may be more convenient for patients, but may also increase the risk of adverse effects 6.
Recommendations
Always follow the specific instructions provided with the prescription, as absorption characteristics differ among individual cephalosporin medications, and healthcare providers may have specific recommendations based on the patient's condition and the particular cephalosporin prescribed 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.