Alport Syndrome: This condition is characterized by kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities. Dyslexia is not a direct symptom but can be associated with the broader spectrum of developmental issues sometimes seen in Alport Syndrome. Hematuria is a common presenting feature due to the kidney involvement.

IgA Nephropathy: A common cause of hematuria, especially in young adults. While dyslexia is not directly related, the condition can present with hematuria and is a consideration in any differential for kidney issues.
Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy: Another cause of hematuria, which might not have a direct link to dyslexia but is a plausible explanation for the kidney symptoms.

Kidney Stones: Although not directly related to dyslexia, kidney stones can cause hematuria and are a critical diagnosis not to miss due to the potential for severe pain and complications if left untreated.
Urinary Tract Infection or Pyelonephritis: Infections can cause hematuria and, while less likely to be directly associated with dyslexia, are important to rule out due to the potential for serious complications.
Bladder or Kidney Cancer: Though rare in a 36-year-old, these conditions can present with hematuria. Given the potential severity, they should not be missed, despite the low likelihood.

Goodpasture Syndrome: An autoimmune disease that can cause kidney inflammation and hematuria. It's rare and not directly linked to dyslexia but is a consideration in cases of unexplained kidney issues.
Hereditary Nephritis (other than Alport Syndrome): Other genetic conditions affecting the kidneys could present with hematuria. While less common, they are part of the broader differential for hereditary kidney diseases.
Sickle Cell Disease or Trait: Can cause hematuria due to sickling in the kidney. While dyslexia is not directly related, sickle cell disease can have a wide range of systemic effects, making it a rare but potential consideration.