From the Research
Acute severe mercury poisoning presents with a range of symptoms including respiratory, neurological, renal, hepatic, hematological, and dermatological dysfunctions, and prompt medical attention is essential to prevent permanent neurological damage or death. The symptoms of acute severe mercury poisoning can vary depending on the form of mercury and route of exposure. Initial symptoms typically include metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea as the gastrointestinal system is affected. Respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain may occur, particularly with inhalation of mercury vapor 1. Neurological manifestations are prominent and include tremors (especially of the hands), coordination problems, difficulty walking, slurred speech, memory problems, and irritability. In severe cases, patients may experience seizures, hallucinations, or fall into a coma. Kidney damage is common, manifesting as decreased urination or blood in urine. Cardiovascular effects include rapid heart rate and elevated blood pressure. The skin may show a characteristic pink rash or desquamation (peeling) 2.
Some key points to consider in the diagnosis and treatment of acute severe mercury poisoning include:
- The importance of immediate removal from exposure and supportive care 3
- The use of chelating agents such as DMSA, DMPS, or BAL to bind and remove mercury from the body 1
- The potential for long-term complications, even with successful treatment 2
- The need for early intervention to improve chances of recovery 2
- The importance of proper cleanup and disposal of mercury spills to prevent further exposure 3
It is essential to note that the severity of mercury toxicity can be unpredictable, and blood levels may not always correlate with the severity of symptoms 1. Therefore, a high index of suspicion and prompt medical attention are crucial in cases of suspected mercury poisoning. Treatment should be guided by the most recent and highest quality evidence, and patients should be closely monitored for signs of multiple organ failure, which can be a complication of acute severe mercury poisoning 4.