What is the cause of a swollen thyroid gland on the right side?

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Differential Diagnosis for Swollen Thyroid Right Side on Exam

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis
    • Thyroid nodule or cyst: This is the most common cause of a swollen thyroid gland, particularly when it's unilateral. A nodule or cyst can cause localized swelling and may be detected incidentally on physical examination.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses
    • Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Although this condition typically causes bilateral thyroid gland swelling, it can sometimes present unilaterally. It's an autoimmune condition that leads to thyroid inflammation and can cause thyroid dysfunction.
    • Subacute thyroiditis: This condition is characterized by inflammation of the thyroid gland, often following a viral infection. It can cause unilateral or bilateral thyroid swelling and tenderness.
    • Thyroid adenoma: A benign tumor of the thyroid gland, which can cause localized swelling and may be functional (producing thyroid hormones) or non-functional.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses
    • Thyroid cancer: Although less common, thyroid cancer (such as papillary or follicular thyroid cancer) can present as a unilateral thyroid nodule or swelling. It's crucial to consider this diagnosis to ensure timely treatment and management.
    • Thyroid abscess: A rare but potentially life-threatening condition caused by a bacterial or fungal infection of the thyroid gland. It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious complications.
  • Rare Diagnoses
    • Riedel's thyroiditis: A rare form of chronic thyroiditis characterized by fibrosis and inflammation of the thyroid gland, which can cause unilateral or bilateral swelling and hardness of the gland.
    • Thyroid hemiagenesis: A rare congenital anomaly where one lobe of the thyroid gland is absent or underdeveloped, which can be mistaken for a swollen thyroid gland on the affected side.
    • Ectopic thyroid tissue: Rarely, thyroid tissue can be found in abnormal locations, such as the neck or tongue, and can cause localized swelling or masses.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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