Single most likely diagnosis
- Lymphadenitis or lymphadenopathy: This is a common cause of swelling in the neck and jaw area, often due to infection or inflammation of the lymph nodes.
Other Likely diagnoses
- Dental abscess or infection: An infection of the teeth or gums can cause swelling in the jaw area.
- Salivary gland infection or obstruction: The salivary glands are located near the jaw, and an infection or blockage can cause swelling.
- Soft tissue injury or trauma: A blow to the jaw or face can cause swelling and bruising.
Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Malignancy (e.g., lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma): Although less common, cancer can cause swelling in the jaw area and is critical to diagnose early.
- Parotid gland tumor: A tumor of the parotid gland, although rare, can cause swelling and needs to be ruled out.
- Angioedema: A severe allergic reaction that can cause rapid swelling of the face, neck, and jaw, potentially life-threatening if not treated promptly.
Rare diagnoses
- Actinomycosis: A rare bacterial infection that can cause swelling and abscesses in the jaw and face.
- Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause swelling of the salivary glands.
- Branchial cleft cyst: A congenital anomaly that can cause a lump or swelling in the neck or jaw area.