Patient Information Leaflet: Understanding and Managing Your Hypertension
What is Hypertension?
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a common condition that requires regular monitoring and management to prevent serious health complications. It's important to understand your condition and take an active role in controlling your blood pressure.
Blood Pressure Categories
- Normal Blood Pressure: Less than 120/80 mmHg
- Elevated Blood Pressure: 120-129/less than 80 mmHg
- Stage 1 Hypertension: 130-139/80-89 mmHg
- Stage 2 Hypertension: 140/90 mmHg or higher 1
How to Monitor Your Blood Pressure
- Take multiple measurements at home using a validated device
- Measure at the same time each day (morning and evening)
- Sit quietly for 5 minutes before measuring
- Keep a record of your readings to share with your healthcare provider
- Home monitoring helps confirm diagnosis and track treatment effectiveness 1
Lifestyle Changes to Control Your Blood Pressure
Diet
- Follow the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet
- Reduce sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day
- Increase potassium-rich foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes)
- Limit processed foods and restaurant meals 1, 2
Physical Activity
- Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week
- Examples include brisk walking, swimming, or cycling
- Even short periods of activity throughout the day are beneficial 1, 2
Weight Management
- Maintain a healthy body mass index (BMI)
- Even modest weight loss can significantly reduce blood pressure 1, 3
Alcohol Consumption
- Limit to 2 or fewer standard drinks per day
- Maximum of 14 drinks per week for men and 9 per week for women 1, 3
Smoking
- Quit smoking to reduce cardiovascular risk
- Ask your healthcare provider about smoking cessation resources 1
Stress Management
- Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation
- Consider cognitive behavioral therapy if stress significantly affects your blood pressure 1, 3
Medications for Hypertension
Your doctor may prescribe one or more of these medications:
Common Medication Classes
- ACE inhibitors (like lisinopril)
- Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
- Calcium channel blockers
- Thiazide diuretics (water pills) 1, 2
If You're Taking Lisinopril
- Starting dose is typically 10 mg once daily
- Your doctor may adjust the dose based on your response
- Take at the same time each day
- Don't stop taking your medication without consulting your doctor 4
Possible Side Effects of Lisinopril
- Dry cough
- Dizziness, especially when standing up quickly
- Headache
- Changes in kidney function
- Elevated potassium levels 4
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Seek Immediate Medical Attention If:
- Blood pressure exceeds 180/120 mmHg
- You experience severe headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, vision problems, or confusion 5
Contact Your Doctor If:
- Your blood pressure is consistently above your target despite taking medications
- You experience troublesome side effects from your medications
- You have questions about your treatment plan 1
Follow-Up Care
- Attend all scheduled appointments with your healthcare provider
- Bring your home blood pressure readings to appointments
- Expect blood tests to monitor kidney function and potassium levels, especially if taking ACE inhibitors like lisinopril
- Once your blood pressure is controlled, follow-up visits typically occur every 3-6 months 1, 4
Remember
Taking an active role in managing your hypertension through lifestyle changes and medication adherence is essential for reducing your risk of heart disease, stroke, and other complications. With proper management, you can lead a healthy, active life despite having hypertension.