From the Research
Thaumatin is a natural protein sweetener derived from the katemfe fruit (Thaumatococcus daniellii) native to West Africa, approximately 2,000 times sweeter than sucrose, making it a potent natural sweetener alternative. The most recent and highest quality study on thaumatin is from 2023 1, which focused on the sensory profiling of natural sweeteners, including thaumatin. However, for a comprehensive understanding of thaumatin, we must consider its properties and uses as described in other studies.
Key Characteristics of Thaumatin
- It is approximately 2,000 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar) as noted in the 2015 study 2.
- Thaumatin is used as a flavor modifier and sweetener in foods and beverages, particularly to mask bitter tastes in medicines and low-calorie products.
- It's classified as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food additive by regulatory agencies worldwide, including the FDA, and is labeled as E957 in Europe.
- The sweetness of thaumatin develops slowly and lingers longer than sugar, with a licorice-like aftertaste.
- Its sweetening power comes from its unique protein structure that interacts with taste receptors differently than traditional sugars.
Uses and Benefits
- Unlike artificial sweeteners, thaumatin is a protein that contains calories, though the amounts used are so small that its caloric contribution to foods is negligible.
- It's particularly useful for diabetics and those seeking to reduce sugar intake while maintaining sweetness in their diet.
- Thaumatin can be used in the production of low-calorie foods and beverages, offering a natural alternative to artificial sweeteners.
- The 2021 review 3 highlights the phytochemistry, nutritional composition, and pharmacological activities of Thaumatococcus daniellii, suggesting potential uses beyond sweetening.
Production and Future Perspectives
- The 2019 study 4 discusses the bioproduction of recombinant thaumatin, indicating efforts to improve production methods for this sweet protein.
- Future perspectives may include optimizing production processes and exploring new applications for thaumatin in food and pharmaceutical industries. Given the information from these studies, thaumatin stands out as a valuable natural sweetener with potential health benefits and versatile applications in the food and beverage industry.