From the Research
Scapular dyskinesia is an alteration of normal scapular kinematics, which can lead to shoulder pain and dysfunction, and its treatment should prioritize a holistic approach, considering sport-related factors and underlying etiology, as suggested by the most recent study 1.
Definition and Causes
Scapular dyskinesia is characterized by an abnormal movement pattern of the scapula during arm movements, often resulting from weakness in stabilizing muscles, such as the serratus anterior, lower trapezius, and rhomboids, which can lead to impingement and mechanical disadvantages for shoulder function 2, 3. The condition can be caused by various factors, including injuries, poor posture, and muscle imbalances, and its presentation may be highly variable depending on the underlying etiology or associated pathology 1, 4.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of scapular dyskinesia involves a comprehensive physical examination, including assessment of scapular movement and muscle strength, as well as consideration of postural deviations and muscle tightness 4, 5. Treatment typically involves a comprehensive physical therapy program, focusing on strengthening the scapular stabilizing muscles, proper posture correction, and manual therapy techniques, such as soft tissue mobilization and stretching of tight muscles 1, 2, 3. Pain management may include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but addressing the underlying movement dysfunction is crucial for long-term improvement 1, 2, 3.
Key Considerations
- Proper posture correction is essential, as rounded shoulders and forward head posture contribute significantly to scapular dyskinesia 4.
- Manual therapy techniques, including soft tissue mobilization and stretching of tight muscles, can complement the exercise program 1, 2, 3.
- Neuromuscular electrical stimulation may be a useful modality for addressing scapular muscle activation and strength deficits, as suggested by a case report 5.
- A holistic approach, considering sport-related factors and underlying etiology, is crucial for effective treatment, as emphasized by the most recent study 1.