From the Guidelines
The treatment for a hemolytic transfusion reaction is to immediately stop the transfusion and manage the patient's symptoms, which may include administration of antihistamine or steroid drugs, or intramuscular/intravenous adrenaline if life-threatening 1.
Key Steps in Management
- Stop the transfusion immediately if a reaction is suspected
- Monitor the patient's vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, and respiratory rate
- Administer antihistamine or steroid drugs to manage mild to moderate reactions
- Use intramuscular/intravenous adrenaline in life-threatening situations
- Contact the laboratory immediately to report the reaction and seek further guidance 1
Importance of Prompt Action
Prompt recognition and treatment of a hemolytic transfusion reaction are critical to preventing serious complications and improving patient outcomes. The administration of antihistamine or steroid drugs, or intramuscular/intravenous adrenaline, can help alleviate symptoms and prevent further deterioration 1.
From the Research
Treatment for Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
The treatment for a hemolytic transfusion reaction involves several key steps:
- Immediate interruption of the transfusion 2
- Early identification of symptoms and referral to the hemovigilance reporting system 2
- Early consultation of the hematologic and ICU departments 2
- Fluid resuscitation 2
- Monitoring of the patient's vital signs and laboratory results, such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, and creatinine levels 3
Management of Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
The management of a hemolytic transfusion reaction requires a comprehensive approach, including:
- Recognition of symptoms, such as fever, flank pain, and red or dark urine, although these may not be immediately visible in patients under anesthesia 3
- Identification of other signs, such as seeping from venipuncture and dark urine caused by DIC and hemoglobinuria 3
- Awareness of the risk of transfusion-associated circulatory overload and other adverse reactions 4
- Education on the risk of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host-disease (TA-GVHD) and other rare but serious complications 4
Prevention of Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Prevention of hemolytic transfusion reactions is crucial, and can be achieved through:
- Avoiding unnecessary blood transfusions and maintaining a transfusion-restrictive strategy 2
- Conducting cross-matching tests to prevent acute hemolytic transfusion reactions 4
- Ensuring careful monitoring of the patient during transfusion and prompt recognition of any symptoms or signs of a reaction 5, 2