From the Research
Pleurisy is inflammation of the pleura, the thin membrane that lines the outside of the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity, causing sharp chest pain that worsens during breathing, as a result of various underlying causes including viral infections, bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, lung cancer, pulmonary embolism, or chest trauma 1.
Definition and Causes
Pleurisy is characterized by the inflammation of the pleural layers, which can become irritated and rub against each other, creating friction that triggers pain, particularly during inhalation and exhalation. The condition can result from various underlying causes, including:
- Viral infections, such as influenza
- Bacterial infections, such as pneumonia
- Autoimmune disorders
- Lung cancer
- Pulmonary embolism
- Chest trauma
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms of pleurisy may include:
- Sharp chest pain that worsens during breathing
- Shortness of breath
- Cough
- Fever Diagnosis of pleurisy typically involves:
- History and physical examination
- Chest radiography
- Electrocardiography
- Laboratory testing, such as blood work and pleural fluid analysis
Treatment and Management
Treatment of pleurisy focuses on addressing the underlying cause and managing pain, often with:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen
- Drainage procedures, in cases where fluid accumulates between the pleural layers (pleural effusion)
- Rest and avoiding activities that worsen pain are recommended during recovery Pleurisy typically resolves once the underlying condition is treated, though recovery time varies depending on the cause 2.
Key Considerations
It is essential to determine the etiology of pleural effusion to treat it appropriately, and thoracocentesis should be performed for new and unexplained pleural effusions 3. In cases where fluid accumulates between the pleural layers, drainage procedures might be necessary, and management of exudative effusion depends on the underlying etiology of the effusion 3. Antibiotic pharmacokinetics may vary with agents used, pleural thickness, and individual characteristics, and consideration must be given to insufficient pleural delivery of systemic antibiotics in patients lacking clinical improvement 2.