Environmental Exposure: This is the most common cause of hypothermia in neonates, especially in the first few days of life. It can occur due to inadequate warming of the delivery room, insufficient clothing, or failure to use a warmer or incubator when necessary. Justification: Neonates have a high surface area to volume ratio and limited ability to generate heat, making them highly susceptible to environmental temperatures.

Inadequate Maternal-Neonatal Skin-to-Skin Contact: Early skin-to-skin contact after birth helps in transferring heat from the mother to the neonate and is crucial for maintaining the neonate's body temperature. Lack of this contact can lead to hypothermia. Justification: This method is a recommended practice for initial thermal care.
Premature Birth: Premature neonates have less body fat and a higher surface area to volume ratio, making them more prone to heat loss. Justification: Premature infants often require more intensive care, including thermal support.
Infection: Neonatal infections, such as sepsis, can cause hypothermia as part of the systemic inflammatory response. Justification: Infections can disrupt the body's normal thermoregulatory mechanisms.

Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar can impair the neonate's ability to generate heat, leading to hypothermia. Justification: Hypoglycemia is a critical condition that requires immediate attention and can have severe consequences if missed.
Congenital Hypothyroidism: This condition can affect the neonate's metabolic rate and ability to maintain body temperature. Justification: Although rare, untreated congenital hypothyroidism can have severe and long-lasting effects on the child's development.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Certain forms of this condition can lead to adrenal insufficiency, which may result in hypothermia among other symptoms. Justification: Like congenital hypothyroidism, this is a rare but critical diagnosis that requires prompt treatment.

Prader-Willi Syndrome: A genetic disorder that can affect the regulation of body temperature among other symptoms. Justification: This syndrome is rare and typically presents with a constellation of symptoms beyond just hypothermia.
Mitochondrial Disorders: Certain mitochondrial disorders can affect energy production and lead to hypothermia. Justification: These disorders are rare and often present with multi-system involvement.
Sepsis due to Congenital Infections (e.g., Congenital Syphilis, Toxoplasmosis): While not the most common cause of neonatal hypothermia, these infections can lead to sepsis and subsequently hypothermia. Justification: Although rare, congenital infections can have severe outcomes if not promptly diagnosed and treated.