Can exposure to secondhand smoke (Environmental Tobacco Smoke, ETS) cause Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?

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Last updated: March 15, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Exposure to secondhand smoke can contribute to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as it contains toxic compounds that can damage the retina, similar to active smoking. The provided evidence does not directly address the relationship between secondhand smoke and AMD, but studies have shown that active smoking is a risk factor for AMD 1. Given the similarity in toxic compounds between secondhand and firsthand smoke, it is reasonable to infer that secondhand smoke may also increase the risk of AMD. Key factors to consider in preventing AMD include avoiding smoking environments, maintaining a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, and getting regular eye exams 2, 1. Additionally, research has highlighted the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing AMD risk 3, 1. However, the most recent and highest quality study on AMD prevention and treatment does not specifically address secondhand smoke, but emphasizes the importance of avoiding smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle to reduce AMD risk 4. In clinical practice, prioritizing measures to minimize exposure to secondhand smoke, alongside other preventive strategies, is advisable to reduce the risk of AMD and promote overall eye health. Some key preventive measures include:

  • Avoiding environments where smoking occurs
  • Maintaining a healthy diet rich in antioxidants
  • Getting regular comprehensive eye exams to detect early signs of macular changes
  • Considering omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, as supported by some studies 3, 1

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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