Heart Failure: This is often the most common cause of bilateral pedal edema due to the increased venous pressure and fluid overload associated with heart failure, leading to fluid accumulation in the lower extremities.

Chronic Kidney Disease: Reduced kidney function can lead to fluid retention and edema.
Liver Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis can cause hypoalbuminemia, leading to decreased oncotic pressure and fluid leakage into the interstitial space.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Incompetent venous valves can cause increased venous pressure in the legs, leading to edema.
Medication Side Effects: Certain medications, such as calcium channel blockers, NSAIDs, and steroids, can cause edema as a side effect.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Although less common as a cause of bilateral edema, DVT can be life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated promptly.
Nephrotic Syndrome: Characterized by severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, this condition requires early diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term kidney damage.
Lymphedema: While often unilateral, lymphedema can be bilateral and has significant implications for patient management and quality of life.

Lipedema: A rare condition characterized by the abnormal growth of fat cells in the legs, leading to swelling and edema.
Myxedema: Associated with hypothyroidism, myxedema can cause non-pitting edema due to the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the skin.
Fabry Disease: A genetic disorder that can cause edema among other systemic symptoms due to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide.