Differential Diagnosis for Cough with Fever
- Single most likely diagnosis:
- Pneumonia: This is the most likely diagnosis due to the combination of cough and fever, which are classic symptoms of a lower respiratory tract infection. Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and is a common condition that matches the symptoms provided.
- Other Likely diagnoses:
- Acute Bronchitis: Often presents with cough and may be accompanied by fever, especially if caused by a viral or bacterial infection. It's less severe than pneumonia but shares similar symptoms.
- Influenza: Characterized by sudden onset of fever, cough, and other respiratory symptoms, making it a plausible diagnosis for someone presenting with cough and fever.
- COVID-19: Given its global prevalence, COVID-19 should be considered, especially if the patient has been exposed or is in a high-risk area. Symptoms can include cough and fever among others.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.):
- Pulmonary Embolism: Although less common, pulmonary embolism can present with cough and fever, especially if there is associated pneumonia or lung infarction. It's critical to consider due to its high mortality rate if untreated.
- Tuberculosis (TB): TB can cause chronic cough and fever, and although less common in some regions, it's crucial to diagnose early due to its infectious nature and the need for specific treatment.
- Sepsis: If the fever and cough are part of a systemic infection leading to sepsis, it's critical to identify and treat promptly as sepsis can be life-threatening.
- Rare diagnoses:
- Cystic Fibrosis (in undiagnosed adults): Could present with recurrent infections leading to cough and fever, though it's rare and typically diagnosed in childhood.
- Histoplasmosis or other fungal infections: These can cause cough and fever, especially in immunocompromised patients or those exposed to specific environments (e.g., bird droppings).
- Q Fever: A zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, which can lead to pneumonia and present with cough and fever, though it's relatively rare and usually associated with animal exposure.