What are the symptoms of adrenal gland (adrenal) issues?

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From the Guidelines

Adrenal gland issues can manifest with a range of symptoms, including those related to cortisol and aldosterone deficiency, such as fatigue, weight loss, and hypotension, as well as symptoms of excess cortisol, like weight gain, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. The adrenal glands produce essential hormones, including cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones, which play a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including metabolism, immune response, and blood pressure control 1. Disorders of the adrenal glands, such as Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, and adrenal insufficiency, can have significant impacts on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life.

Symptoms of Adrenal Gland Issues

Some common symptoms of adrenal gland issues include:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Weight loss or gain
  • Hypotension or hypertension
  • Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Skin changes, such as thinning or bruising
  • Mood changes, such as anxiety or depression These symptoms can vary depending on the specific disorder and the individual affected, and may require referral to an endocrinologist for proper diagnosis and management 1.

Importance of Proper Adrenal Function

Proper adrenal function is crucial for maintaining homeostasis, managing stress, and regulating various bodily functions, including metabolism, immune response, and blood pressure control 1. Adrenal insufficiency, in particular, can be life-threatening if not properly managed, and patients with this condition require education on stress dosing, emergency injectables, and medical alert systems to prevent adrenal crisis.

Management of Adrenal Gland Issues

Management of adrenal gland issues typically involves replacement therapy with hormones such as hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone, as well as lifestyle modifications to manage stress and prevent complications 1. In some cases, surgery or other interventions may be necessary to treat underlying conditions, such as tumors or congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Early endocrinology consultation is essential for planning and managing patients with adrenal gland issues, particularly those undergoing surgery or high-stress treatments.

From the FDA Drug Label

Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not make enough steroid hormones. Ketoconazole tablets may cause adrenal insufficiency if you take a high dose. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have symptoms of adrenal insufficiency such as tiredness, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.

The symptoms of adrenal gland (adrenal) issues that may be caused by ketoconazole tablets include:

  • Tiredness
  • Weakness
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting 2 2

From the Research

Symptoms of Adrenal Gland Issues

The symptoms of adrenal gland issues can vary depending on the specific condition. Some common symptoms include:

  • Fatigue and weakness 3, 4
  • Loss of appetite 5
  • Nausea 5
  • Muscle weakness 5, 4
  • Facial edema 5
  • Depression 4
  • Emotional lability 4
  • Hypokalemia-induced weakness 4
  • Behavioral disturbances 4

Adrenal Insufficiency Symptoms

Adrenal insufficiency, in particular, can cause non-specific symptoms, including:

  • Fatigue 3, 4
  • Weakness 3, 4
  • Loss of appetite 5
  • Nausea 5
  • Low cortisol levels 3, 6

Other Adrenal Gland Disorders

Other adrenal gland disorders, such as Cushing's syndrome, primary aldosteronism, and adrenoleukodystrophy, can also cause a range of symptoms, including:

  • Muscle weakness 4
  • Behavioral disturbances 4
  • Emotional lability 4
  • Depression 4
  • Hypertension 6, 7
  • White matter abnormalities of the brain 4
  • Myelopathy and/or neuropathy 4

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Diagnosis and management of adrenal insufficiency.

Clinical medicine (London, England), 2023

Research

Neurologic complications of disorders of the adrenal glands.

Handbook of clinical neurology, 2014

Research

Adrenal disease: An update.

Australian journal of general practice, 2021

Research

The Adrenal Gland: Central Relay in Health and Disease.

Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2019

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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