Differential Diagnosis for Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia and Fever
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Viral Hepatitis: This is the most likely diagnosis given the presentation of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and fever. Viral hepatitis, such as hepatitis A, B, or E, can cause an acute infection leading to liver inflammation, which results in elevated conjugated bilirubin levels and systemic symptoms like fever.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Bacterial Cholangitis: Infection of the bile ducts can cause conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, fever, and potentially life-threatening complications if not treated promptly. It's a consideration, especially if there's a history of biliary tract disease or instrumentation.
- Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI): Certain medications can cause liver injury, leading to elevated liver enzymes and conjugated bilirubin. Given the patient's age, recent medication use should be explored as a potential cause.
- Autoimmune Hepatitis: Although less common, autoimmune hepatitis can present acutely and cause conjugated hyperbilirubinemia along with other symptoms like fever and malaise.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Wilson's Disease: Although rare, Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder that leads to copper accumulation in the liver and can cause liver dysfunction, including conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. It's crucial to consider in young patients to prevent long-term liver damage.
- Budd-Chiari Syndrome: This condition, caused by hepatic vein thrombosis, can lead to acute liver dysfunction, including conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. It's a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.
- Sepsis with Liver Dysfunction: Sepsis from any cause can lead to liver dysfunction and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Given the presence of fever, sepsis should always be considered, especially if the patient shows signs of systemic inflammation or organ dysfunction.
Rare Diagnoses
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC): An autoimmune disease of the liver that primarily affects the bile ducts, leading to cholestasis and potentially conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. It's more common in middle-aged women but can occur in younger individuals.
- Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC): A chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts, which can cause conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. It's often associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): A rare disorder of the immune system that can cause liver dysfunction among other systemic symptoms. It's a diagnosis of exclusion and should be considered if other causes are ruled out.