What is the cause of scarlatina (scarlet fever) characterized by a sandpaper-like rash?

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Differential Diagnosis for Sandpaper Rash

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Scarlet fever: This is the most likely diagnosis for a sandpaper rash, as it is a classic symptom of the disease. Scarlet fever is caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and is characterized by a bright red, sandpapery rash that covers most of the body.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Kawasaki disease: This disease is an acute febrile illness that can cause a rash, including a sandpapery rash, and is often seen in children. It is an important diagnosis to consider, as it can lead to cardiac complications if left untreated.
    • Toxic shock syndrome: This is a life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with a sandpapery rash, fever, and hypotension.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS): This is a rare but serious condition caused by staphylococcal toxins that can cause a sandpapery rash, as well as widespread skin exfoliation and potentially life-threatening complications.
    • Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: This is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition caused by streptococcal toxins, which can cause a sandpapery rash, fever, and hypotension.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Erythema infectiosum: This is a viral infection that can cause a sandpapery rash, but it is relatively rare and usually mild.
    • Drug reactions: Certain medications can cause a sandpapery rash, but this is relatively rare and would require a thorough medication history to diagnose.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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