From the Guidelines
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is not the primary interleukin marker associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) based on the provided evidence, however, the evidence does not directly answer the question about the interleukin marker associated with MS. The provided evidence discusses the role of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in patients with inflammatory CNS demyelination, and how MOG-IgG is now considered to denote a disease entity in its own right, distinct from classic MS [ 1 ]. However, in the context of real-life clinical medicine and based on general medicine knowledge, it is known that several interleukins play a role in the pathogenesis of MS, including IL-6, IL-17, and IL-1β.
- IL-6 is known to promote inflammation and disrupt the blood-brain barrier in MS patients [no direct evidence provided].
- IL-17, produced by Th17 cells, is central to MS pathogenesis [no direct evidence provided].
- The provided evidence does not directly discuss the role of interleukins in MS, but it highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and distinction between different demyelinating diseases, such as MOG-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) and MS [ 1 ]. Given the lack of direct evidence from the provided study, but considering the importance of interleukins in MS pathology, it is reasonable to consider IL-6 as a relevant interleukin marker in MS, although this is not directly supported by the provided evidence. In clinical practice, monitoring interleukin levels, including IL-6, can help clinicians assess disease activity and evaluate treatment responses in MS patients, but this should be done in the context of a comprehensive diagnostic workup and consideration of other disease markers and clinical factors [no direct evidence provided].
From the FDA Drug Label
The bioactivities of all IFNs, including IFN-beta, are induced via their binding to specific receptors on the membranes of human cells Differences in the bioactivities induced by the three major subtypes of IFNs likely reflect differences in the signal transduction pathways induced by signaling through their cognate receptors. Interferon beta-1b receptor binding induces the expression of proteins that are responsible for the pleiotropic bioactivities of interferon beta-1b A number of these proteins (including neopterin, β2-microglobulin, MxA protein, and IL-10) have been measured in blood fractions from BETASERON-treated patients and BETASERON-treated healthy volunteers Following every other day subcutaneous administration of 0. 25 mg BETASERON in healthy volunteers, biologic response marker levels (neopterin, β2- microglobulin, MxA protein, and the immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-10) increased significantly above baseline six-twelve hours after the first BETASERON dose.
The interleukin (IL) marker associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) is IL-10, as it is one of the proteins induced by interferon beta-1b receptor binding and has been measured in blood fractions from BETASERON-treated patients and healthy volunteers 2.
From the Research
Interleukin Markers Associated with Multiple Sclerosis
- IL-17 is a key interleukin associated with multiple sclerosis, as it synergizes with other proinflammatory cytokines and induces the release of additional cytokines, mediators of tissue damage, and chemokines 3
- IL-17 receptor level was found to be significantly higher after three months of therapy with interferon β-1a in multiple sclerosis patients 4
- Increased levels of IL-17 were found in transverse myelitis and early multiple sclerosis, and IL-17 regulates cytokines known to stimulate IL-6 production by astrocytes 5
- Other interleukin markers associated with multiple sclerosis include:
- IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-33, which were found to be increased in patients with MS in the active disease phase 6
- IL-10, which has a neuroprotective effect and may prevent the progression of the disease 6, 7
- IL-12, IL-23, and IL-18, which represent pro-inflammatory cytokines 7
- IL-4 and IL-13, which play a significant role in type 2 immune responses and inhibit MS progression, and may be involved in oligodendrogenesis and remyelination 7