Can Lyme disease cause elevated levels of all interleukin (IL) markers?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: March 16, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Research

Yes, Lyme disease can cause elevation of multiple interleukin markers, though not necessarily all of them. Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, triggers a significant immune response in the body. During infection, the immune system produces various inflammatory cytokines, including several interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and others) as part of the body's defense mechanism. These elevated interleukin levels reflect the inflammatory response to the infection and may persist in some patients with chronic or post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. However, the pattern of interleukin elevation can vary between patients and may depend on the stage of infection, individual immune response, and whether there are co-infections present. Some key interleukins that may be elevated in Lyme disease include IL-7, IL-17A, and IL-17F, as well as other markers of inflammation such as CXCL13, which is specifically elevated in neuroborreliosis 1. If you're seeing elevated interleukin markers and suspect Lyme disease, it's essential to correlate these findings with specific Lyme testing (ELISA followed by Western blot) and clinical symptoms. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as doxycycline (100mg twice daily for 10-21 days for early infection) or longer courses for late or complicated disease, which should help normalize these inflammatory markers as the infection resolves 2. It's also important to note that the immune response to Lyme disease can be complex and may involve suppression of host humoral immunity by Borrelia burgdorferi, which can vary over the course of infection 3. Additionally, host glycosylation of immunoglobulins can impair the immune response to acute Lyme disease, and this impairment can be reversed with antibiotic therapy 4. Overall, the management of Lyme disease should prioritize reducing morbidity, mortality, and improving quality of life, and this may involve a combination of antibiotic treatment, symptom management, and monitoring for potential complications. Key considerations in the management of Lyme disease include:

  • Early recognition and treatment to prevent long-term complications
  • Use of antibiotics such as doxycycline for early infection
  • Monitoring for potential complications such as neuroborreliosis and Lyme arthritis
  • Correlation of laboratory findings with clinical symptoms to guide treatment decisions
  • Consideration of the complex immune response to Lyme disease and potential suppression of host humoral immunity.

References

Research

Neuroimmunomodulators in Neuroborreliosis and Lyme Encephalopathy.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018

Research

Treatment of Lyme arthritis.

Arthritis and rheumatism, 1994

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.