Is there an association between grapefruit consumption and the development of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: March 16, 2025 • View editorial policy

From the Research

Grapefruit consumption is generally not associated with an increased risk of kidney stones and may actually be beneficial for some people. According to the most recent and highest quality study, 1, certain varieties of fluid, such as grapefruit, apple, and orange juices reduce urine CaOx saturation, with a subsequent reduction in stone formation. The citrate in grapefruit can increase urine pH, making it less acidic and reducing the likelihood of certain types of stones forming. However, grapefruit juice can interact with many medications, so if you're taking prescription drugs, you should check with your healthcare provider before consuming grapefruit regularly. For those with a history of calcium oxalate stones (the most common type), it's worth noting that while grapefruit contains some oxalate, its levels are lower than many other fruits and vegetables. Some key points to consider:

  • Overall fluid intake remains the most important factor in preventing kidney stones, so drinking plenty of water throughout the day is essential regardless of whether you include grapefruit in your diet.
  • A diet characterized by a high intake of fluids, fruits, and vegetables; a low consumption of salt and protein; and a balanced intake of calcium, fats, and carbohydrates constitutes an efficacious approach to the prevention and treatment of kidney stone disease, as suggested by 2.
  • Increased intake of fruit and vegetables (excluding those with high oxalate content) increases citrate excretion and involves a significant protection against the risk of stone formation, as stated in 3.
  • Grapefruit is high in citric acid, which can help prevent kidney stone formation by binding to calcium in the urine and inhibiting crystal growth. It is essential to prioritize a balanced diet and adequate fluid intake to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation.

References

Research

Lifestyle recommendations to reduce the risk of kidney stones.

The Urologic clinics of North America, 2011

Research

Dietary treatment of urinary risk factors for renal stone formation. A review of CLU Working Group.

Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica, 2015

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.