What class of medications is cefuroxime part of?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: September 19, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Cefuroxime Classification

Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. 1, 2, 3

Characteristics of Second-Generation Cephalosporins

  • Second-generation cephalosporins like cefuroxime have a broader spectrum of activity than first-generation cephalosporins
  • They maintain good activity against gram-positive organisms while offering improved coverage against gram-negative bacteria
  • Cefuroxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin derived from the 7-cephalosporanic acid nucleus of cephalosporin C 2
  • The molecular formula of cefuroxime is C16H15N4NaO8S 4

Antimicrobial Spectrum

Cefuroxime demonstrates activity against:

Gram-Positive Organisms:

  • Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible and intermediate strains)
  • Streptococcus pyogenes and other streptococci (excluding group D streptococci)

Gram-Negative Organisms:

  • Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase producing strains)
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • Many Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis)
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Limitations:

  • Not effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Limited activity against anaerobes like Bacteroides fragilis
  • Not effective against MRSA 2, 3, 5

Clinical Applications

Cefuroxime is used for various infections including:

  • Respiratory tract infections (bronchitis, pneumonia)
  • Upper respiratory tract infections (otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis)
  • Urinary tract infections
  • Skin and soft tissue infections
  • Early Lyme disease
  • Gonorrhea 2, 5, 6

Position in Cephalosporin Hierarchy

In terms of activity against common pathogens, cefuroxime ranks in the middle of the cephalosporin spectrum:

  • More active than first-generation cephalosporins like cephalexin against gram-negative bacteria
  • Less active than third-generation cephalosporins like ceftriaxone against gram-negative organisms
  • The rank order of decreasing activity is: cefpodoxime = ceftriaxone > cefprozil = cefuroxime > cephalexin 1

Formulations

Cefuroxime is available in multiple formulations:

  • Parenteral form (cefuroxime sodium) for intravenous or intramuscular administration
  • Oral form (cefuroxime axetil) as tablets or suspension 4, 2

Important Clinical Considerations

  • Cefuroxime can be used as part of sequential IV-to-oral therapy in moderate to severe infections 7, 6
  • For moderate to severe infections, cefuroxime is often listed as a potential empiric regimen, particularly for infections involving gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods 7
  • Dosing is typically twice daily for most infections, which offers convenience compared to some other antibiotics 2, 5

Understanding cefuroxime's classification as a second-generation cephalosporin is important for appropriate prescribing decisions, particularly when considering its spectrum of activity against specific pathogens and its role in sequential therapy.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.