Differential Diagnosis for Blisters in the Mouth with Pain and Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Aphthous Ulcers (Canker Sores): These are the most common cause of mouth blisters and are characterized by painful, recurrent ulcers on the mucous membranes inside the mouth. They can be triggered by stress, minor mouth injury, or certain foods.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection: HSV can cause painful blisters or ulcers in the mouth, known as cold sores or fever blisters. These are highly contagious and can be triggered by stress, sunlight, or illness.
- Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: This is a viral infection that can cause sores in the mouth and a rash on the hands and feet. It's common in children but can also occur in adults.
- Oral Lichen Planus: A chronic inflammatory condition that can cause white patches, redness, and painful sores in the mouth.
- Allergic Contact Stomatitis: An allergic reaction to substances like toothpaste, mouthwash, or dental materials, which can cause blisters, ulcers, and inflammation in the mouth.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Oral Cancer: Although less common, mouth blisters and ulcers can be a sign of oral cancer, especially if they persist or grow. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
- Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono): Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, mono can lead to mouth sores, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. It's essential to diagnose to prevent complications.
- Autoimmune Disorders (e.g., Pemphigus Vulgaris): These are rare conditions where the immune system attacks healthy skin and mucous membranes, causing blisters. Early diagnosis is critical for managing the condition.
Rare Diagnoses
- Erythema Multiforme: A skin condition that can also affect the mucous membranes, causing blisters and ulcers in the mouth. It's often triggered by infections or medications.
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A severe skin and mucous membrane disorder, usually caused by an adverse reaction to medication or infection. It can cause blisters in the mouth, among other symptoms.
- Behçet's Disease: A rare disorder that causes blood vessel inflammation throughout the body, leading to symptoms like mouth sores, genital sores, and eye inflammation.