From the Research
Pneumocephalus treatment primarily involves conservative management with bed rest, head elevation at 30-45 degrees, avoidance of Valsalva maneuvers, pain control, and supplemental oxygen to facilitate air resorption, as supported by the most recent study 1 from 2023. The goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and promote absorption of the intracranial air.
- Key components of conservative management include:
- Bed rest to reduce physical activity and minimize the risk of further air entry
- Head elevation at 30-45 degrees to decrease intracranial pressure and facilitate air resorption
- Avoidance of Valsalva maneuvers, such as coughing, sneezing, or straining, to prevent increased intrathoracic pressure
- Pain control with analgesics to manage headache and discomfort
- Supplemental oxygen therapy to increase the partial pressure of oxygen and promote air resorption
- In cases of symptomatic tension pneumocephalus, urgent neurosurgical intervention may be necessary to relieve pressure and prevent further brain damage, as highlighted in the study 2 from 2015.
- The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be considered in refractory cases to accelerate air resorption, as discussed in the study 3 from 2018.
- Close neurological monitoring is essential throughout treatment to detect any deterioration or complications, such as developing tension pneumocephalus or other neurological deficits, as emphasized in the study 4 from 2018.
- The underlying cause of pneumocephalus, such as a dural tear or skull base defect, must also be addressed to prevent further air entry and promote healing, as noted in the study 5 from 2005.