Differential Diagnosis for Tooth Pain and Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Pulpitis: This is the most common cause of tooth pain and is often associated with swelling. It occurs when the dental pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels, becomes inflamed, usually due to bacterial infection from deep cavities, cracks, or trauma.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Periodontal Abscess: A localized purulent infection involving a periodontal pocket and adjacent tissues, which can cause pain and swelling.
- Periapical Abscess: A collection of pus in the tissue surrounding the root of a tooth, often resulting from an infection of the dental pulp.
- Dental Caries: Advanced tooth decay can cause pain and swelling, especially if it reaches the pulp or causes a periapical cyst.
- Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums (gingiva) can lead to swelling and, if severe, may cause pain.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Cellulitis: A spreading bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues that can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. It requires immediate medical attention.
- Ludwig's Angina: A severe infection of the tissues in the neck, which can cause difficulty swallowing, breathing, and may lead to airway obstruction. It is a medical emergency.
- Osteomyelitis: An infection of the bone, which can occur in the jaw and cause pain, swelling, and systemic symptoms. It requires prompt treatment to prevent serious complications.
Rare Diagnoses
- Eagle Syndrome: A condition caused by an elongated or calcified styloid process, which can cause dental pain, facial pain, and swelling due to the compression of nearby nerves and tissues.
- Sialadenitis: Inflammation of the salivary glands, which can cause pain and swelling in the face and jaw.
- Neoplastic Lesions: Tumors, either benign or malignant, in the jaw or surrounding tissues can cause pain and swelling, though they are less common causes of these symptoms.