From the Guidelines
There are four main types of cesarean sections (C-sections) performed based on surgical technique and clinical circumstances, with the low transverse C-section being the most common and recommended due to its minimal bleeding and lower risk of uterine rupture in future pregnancies. The different types of C-sections include:
- Low transverse C-section, where an incision is made horizontally across the lower uterine segment, offering minimal bleeding and lower risk of uterine rupture in future pregnancies 1
- Classical C-section, which involves a vertical incision in the upper uterine segment and is typically reserved for emergency situations, preterm deliveries, or when the lower segment is inaccessible due to placental issues or fibroids 1
- Low vertical C-section, which combines elements of both, with a vertical incision in the lower uterine segment, useful when the lower segment is underdeveloped
- Cesarean hysterectomy, which involves removing the uterus immediately after delivery, usually performed when severe bleeding cannot be controlled or in cases of invasive placenta conditions
The choice of C-section type depends on factors including urgency, maternal anatomy, fetal position, and whether future vaginal deliveries are desired 1. It is essential to consider the potential risks and benefits of each type of C-section, including the risk of uterine rupture, maternal morbidity, and mortality, as well as the impact on future reproductive health 1. Most C-sections are performed under regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural) allowing the mother to remain awake, though general anesthesia may be used in emergencies. Recovery typically requires 2-4 days in hospital with complete healing taking 6-8 weeks. It is crucial to weigh the risks and benefits of each type of C-section and consider the individual circumstances of each patient to make an informed decision 1.
From the Research
Types of Cesarean Sections
There are several types of Cesarean sections (C-sections), including:
- Lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) 2, 3, 4, 5
- Classical cesarean section
- Lower uterine segment corrugated sutures in hemorrhage during cesarean section 4
- Transverse incision at the upper part of the lower segment 2
- Transverse incision at the traditional lower segment of the uterus 2
Classification Based on the Number of Previous C-Sections
Cesarean sections can also be classified based on the number of previous C-sections:
- Primary cesarean section (first-time C-section)
- Repeat cesarean section (second or subsequent C-section) 3
- Higher-order cesarean section (three or more previous C-sections) 3
Classification Based on the Reason for the C-Section
Cesarean sections can be classified based on the reason for the procedure:
- Elective cesarean section (planned C-section) 3, 4
- Emergency cesarean section (unplanned C-section) 3, 5
- Cesarean section due to placenta previa and/or placenta accreta spectrum 4
Surgical Techniques
Different surgical techniques can be used to perform a C-section, including: