From the Research
The peritoneum around the uterus is typically 113 micrometers thick, as measured by histological examination in peritoneal biopsies 1. This thin serosal membrane covers the uterus partially, forming the visceral peritoneum over the fundus and body of the uterus anteriorly and posteriorly, while leaving the cervix and lower uterine segment uncovered. The thickness can vary slightly depending on hormonal status, with some thickening during pregnancy and the menstrual cycle due to increased vascularity and fluid content. The peritoneum consists of a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a thin layer of connective tissue containing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve fibers. This delicate structure allows for the sliding movement of the uterus against adjacent organs while maintaining compartmentalization within the pelvis. The peritoneum's thickness is important clinically during surgical procedures like hysterectomies and cesarean sections, where proper identification and handling of this layer helps prevent complications. It is worth noting that ultrasonography measurements of peritoneal thickness may differ significantly from histological measurements, with a median thickness of 370 μm reported in one study 1. However, the most recent and highest quality study provides the most accurate measurement of peritoneal thickness, which is 113 μm 1. Key points to consider include:
- The peritoneum is a thin serosal membrane that covers the uterus partially
- The thickness of the peritoneum can vary depending on hormonal status
- The peritoneum consists of a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a thin layer of connective tissue
- The peritoneum's thickness is important clinically during surgical procedures like hysterectomies and cesarean sections
- Ultrasonography measurements of peritoneal thickness may differ significantly from histological measurements.