From the Research
The utero-ovarian vessel is indeed also known as the Sampson artery, which forms a crucial vascular connection between the uterine artery and the ovarian artery, creating an anastomosis that supplies blood to the ovary and fallopian tube. This vessel is significant in the context of gynecological procedures and has implications for conditions such as endometriosis. The term "Sampson artery" originates from John A. Sampson, who described its importance in the early 20th century, particularly in relation to endometriosis and the theory of retrograde menstruation 1, 2, 3, 4.
Key Points
- The Sampson artery provides collateral blood flow to the ovaries when either the main ovarian artery or uterine artery is compromised.
- Surgeons must be aware of this vessel during gynecological procedures to prevent unwanted bleeding.
- The Sampson artery has been implicated in Sampson's theory of retrograde menstruation, suggesting that endometrial tissue can travel through the fallopian tubes and implant in the peritoneal cavity, potentially leading to endometriosis.
- Studies have shown the anatomical and physiological significance of the utero-ovarian anastomosis, including its role in local transfer of substances between the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes 3, 4.
Clinical Implications
The recognition of the Sampson artery and its role in utero-ovarian vascularization is crucial for gynecological surgeons and clinicians. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of this vascular connection can inform surgical techniques, particularly in procedures involving the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Moreover, awareness of the Sampson artery's implications in endometriosis and other gynecological conditions can lead to better patient outcomes through more targeted and effective treatments. As noted in recent studies, the vascular cast of the human uterus and the anastomoses between the uterine and ovarian arteries play a significant role in the physiology and potential pathology of the female reproductive system 1, 4.