From the Research
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection typically occurs when a person ingests the bacteria through direct contact with saliva, vomit, or feces of an infected person, or through contaminated food or water. The most common routes of transmission include:
- Person-to-person contact, particularly within families where close contact facilitates spread
- Consuming food or water that has been contaminated with fecal matter containing the bacteria Poor sanitation and crowded living conditions increase the risk of infection 1. The bacteria can survive in the harsh acidic environment of the stomach by producing enzymes that neutralize stomach acid, allowing it to penetrate the stomach's protective mucous lining and attach to the stomach tissue. H. pylori infection is more common in developing countries with limited access to clean water and proper sanitation. Once infected, many people remain asymptomatic carriers, potentially spreading the bacteria to others without knowing it. Good hygiene practices, including regular handwashing with soap and water, consuming properly prepared food, and drinking clean water, can help prevent H. pylori infection. It is essential to note that the provided studies 2, 3, 4, 5 primarily focus on the treatment of H. pylori infection, while the most relevant information regarding transmission is found in 1, which emphasizes the importance of considering previous antibiotic exposure when choosing a treatment regimen, but also touches upon the global prevalence and risk factors of the infection.