What is the differential diagnosis for acrocyanosis (hands turning blue or black)?

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Differential Diagnosis for Hands Turning Black

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Raynaud's phenomenon: This condition is characterized by a sudden and temporary narrowing of the arteries, causing a reduction in blood flow to the fingers and toes, which can lead to discoloration, including turning black. It is often triggered by cold temperatures or stress.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Frostbite: Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures can cause frostbite, leading to tissue damage and discoloration of the hands.
    • Arterial occlusion: Blockage of an artery in the arm or hand can reduce blood flow, causing the hand to turn black.
    • Scleroderma: A chronic autoimmune disease that can cause blood vessel damage, leading to reduced blood flow and discoloration of the skin.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Gangrene: A serious condition that occurs when tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply, which can be caused by various factors, including infection, trauma, or poor circulation.
    • Septicemia: A life-threatening condition that occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream, causing a severe infection that can lead to organ failure.
    • Aortic dissection: A tear in the inner layer of the aorta, which can cause a blockage of blood flow to the arms and legs, leading to tissue damage and discoloration.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Buerger's disease: A rare disease that causes inflammation and blockage of blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow and tissue damage.
    • Ergotism: A rare condition caused by consuming ergot-contaminated food, which can cause blood vessel constriction and tissue damage.
    • Chilblains: A rare condition that occurs when small blood vessels in the hands and feet become damaged due to cold temperatures, leading to discoloration and tissue damage.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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