Bacterial Infection: This is often characterized by an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count with a predominance of neutrophils, which are the body's first line of defense against bacterial infections. The high monocyte percentage can also be seen in the later stages of infection as the body starts to clean up debris and repair tissues. The low lymphocyte percentage can occur in the acute phase of infection.

Chronic Inflammatory Condition: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease can cause a chronic elevation in WBC count, with an increase in neutrophils and monocytes due to ongoing inflammation. Lymphocyte percentage might be low due to chronic inflammation suppressing lymphocyte production or function.
Viral Infection: Although viral infections typically cause lymphocytosis (an increase in lymphocytes), some viruses can cause a neutrophilic response, especially in the early stages. The high monocyte percentage could be indicative of the body's attempt to manage the viral infection.
Smoking: Smoking can cause an increase in WBC count, particularly neutrophils, due to chronic inflammation in the lungs. Monocyte percentage might be elevated as part of the inflammatory response, and lymphocyte percentage could be relatively low.

Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock: These are life-threatening conditions that require immediate attention. The high WBC count with a predominance of neutrophils and an elevated monocyte percentage can be indicative of a severe infection. The low lymphocyte percentage can occur due to the severe stress response and potential lymphocyte suppression in sepsis.
Leukemia: Although less common, certain types of leukemia (like chronic myeloid leukemia) can present with an elevated WBC count, including neutrophils and monocytes. Lymphocyte percentage might be low due to the leukemic process affecting normal hematopoiesis.

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Conditions like polycythemia vera or essential thrombocytosis can cause an increase in WBC count, including neutrophils, due to abnormal bone marrow proliferation. Monocyte percentage might be elevated, and lymphocyte percentage could be relatively low.
Histiocytosis: Rare conditions like Langerhans cell histiocytosis can cause an elevation in monocytes and other histiocytes, potentially leading to a high monocyte percentage. Neutrophil count can also be elevated due to associated inflammation, and lymphocyte percentage might be low.