Differential Diagnosis for Left Sided Chest Pain
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Musculoskeletal Pain: This is often the most common cause of left-sided chest pain, resulting from strain or injury to the muscles or bones in the chest wall. The pain is typically sharp, worsens with movement, and can be reproduced by pressing on the affected area.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid reflux can cause chest pain that is often described as burning and may be accompanied by a sour taste in the mouth. It can be triggered by lying down or eating certain foods.
- Pulmonary Embolism (less likely but possible): While more commonly associated with sudden onset of shortness of breath, pulmonary embolism can cause chest pain, especially if it involves a large area of the lung. The pain is typically sharp and stabbing.
- Pneumonia: Infection of the lung can cause chest pain, usually accompanied by fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. The pain is often sharp and worsens with deep breathing or coughing.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Myocardial Infarction (MI): Although more commonly associated with central chest pain, an MI can present with left-sided chest pain. It is crucial to consider this diagnosis, especially in patients with risk factors for coronary artery disease, as timely intervention is lifesaving.
- Aortic Dissection: A tear in the aorta can cause severe, tearing chest pain that may radiate to the back. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.
- Pneumothorax: Air in the pleural space can cause chest pain and shortness of breath. It can be life-threatening if not recognized and treated promptly.
Rare Diagnoses
- Pericarditis: Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart can cause sharp chest pain that may improve with leaning forward. It is less common but can be associated with viral infections or autoimmune diseases.
- Esophageal Spasm: Abnormal contractions of the esophagus can cause chest pain that mimics cardiac pain but is often related to swallowing or eating.
- Costochondritis (Tietze's Syndrome): Inflammation of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the breastbone can cause sharp pain, usually on one side of the chest, and can be mistaken for cardiac pain.