Differential Diagnosis for Small Vessel Vasculitis and Polyarthralgia
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): This is a common autoimmune disorder that often presents with polyarthralgia (multiple joint pains) affecting the wrists, knees, and ankles. It can also be associated with small vessel vasculitis, particularly in more severe or long-standing cases.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): SLE is another autoimmune disease that can cause polyarthralgia and small vessel vasculitis. It is known for its wide range of symptoms, including joint pain, skin rashes, and kidney problems.
- Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD): MCTD combines features of lupus, scleroderma, and rheumatoid arthritis, including polyarthralgia and potential small vessel vasculitis.
- Sjögren's Syndrome: Primarily known for causing dry eyes and mouth, Sjögren's can also lead to polyarthralgia and, less commonly, small vessel vasculitis.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Wegener's Granulomatosis (Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, GPA): Although less common, GPA is a form of vasculitis that can affect small vessels and is known for its involvement of the respiratory tract and kidneys. It can present with joint pains and is critical to diagnose early due to its potential for severe organ damage.
- Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA): MPA is another form of small vessel vasculitis that can affect various organs, including the kidneys and lungs. It may present with polyarthralgia among other symptoms.
- Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): While PAN typically affects medium-sized vessels, it can occasionally involve smaller vessels and present with systemic symptoms including polyarthralgia.
Rare Diagnoses
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome with Vasculitis: A rare genetic disorder that affects the body's connective tissue, which can occasionally be associated with vasculitis and joint hypermobility leading to polyarthralgia.
- Relapsing Polychondritis: A rare disease characterized by recurring episodes of cartilage inflammation, which can lead to joint pain and, in some cases, vasculitis.
- Cogan Syndrome: A rare disorder of the immune system that can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the eyes, ears, and blood vessels, potentially leading to small vessel vasculitis and polyarthralgia.