Differential Diagnosis for PIV Leaking Bleeding
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Catheter malposition or dislodgement: This is the most common cause of leaking or bleeding from a peripherally inserted venous catheter (PIV), often due to improper placement or movement of the catheter.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Catheter-related thrombosis: The formation of a blood clot around the catheter can lead to bleeding or leaking.
- Infection: Local infection at the site of the PIV can cause inflammation, leading to bleeding or leaking.
- Catheter damage: Mechanical damage to the catheter, such as a crack or puncture, can result in leaking.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Pulmonary embolism: Although less common, a pulmonary embolism can occur if a catheter-related thrombosis breaks loose and travels to the lungs.
- Sepsis: Infection related to the PIV can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition.
- Air embolism: Introduction of air into the venous system through the PIV can be fatal.
- Rare diagnoses
- Catheter-related arteriovenous fistula: An abnormal connection between an artery and a vein can form as a result of the catheter, leading to bleeding.
- Venous perforation: The catheter can perforate the vein, causing bleeding into the surrounding tissue.