Menopause: The most common cause of hot flashes in women, especially considering the age of the patient. Menopause typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, but its effects, including hot flashes, can persist for many years afterward.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Adjustment: If the patient is on HRT, adjustments in the dosage or type of hormone could lead to hot flashes.
Thyroid Disorders: Hyperthyroidism can cause hot flashes, among other symptoms like weight loss and palpitations.
Medication Side Effects: Certain medications, such as antidepressants and blood pressure medications, can cause hot flashes as a side effect.
Sleep Disorders: Sleep apnea and other sleep disorders can lead to night sweats, which might be perceived as hot flashes.

Pheochromocytoma: A rare tumor of the adrenal gland that can cause episodes of hypertension, sweating, headache, and palpitations, which might be mistaken for hot flashes. Although rare, it's critical to diagnose due to its potential severity.
Carcinoid Syndrome: A condition caused by a neuroendocrine tumor that can produce flushing and other symptoms similar to hot flashes.
Hypogonadism: In men, but also relevant in women, especially if considering hormone-sensitive conditions or treatments.

Mastocytosis: A condition characterized by an accumulation of mast cells in one or more organs, which can cause flushing and other symptoms.
Epilepsy: Certain types of seizures can manifest with symptoms that might be confused with hot flashes, such as autonomic seizures.
Autonomic Dysfunction: Conditions affecting the autonomic nervous system, like multiple system atrophy, can lead to abnormal thermoregulation and symptoms resembling hot flashes.