Cherubism: This condition is a rare genetic disorder that causes the growth of abnormal bone tissue in the jaw, often leading to a characteristic facial appearance. It is a key differential diagnosis for fibrous dysplasia due to its similar presentation of jaw lesions.

Central Giant Cell Granuloma: A benign intraosseous lesion that can occur in the jaw, characterized by the presence of giant cells. It can mimic fibrous dysplasia radiographically and clinically.
Odontogenic Myxoma: A rare, benign tumor of the jaw that can cause bone expansion and may resemble fibrous dysplasia on imaging.
Hyperparathyroidism: A condition that can lead to bone resorption and formation of brown tumors in the jaw, which might be confused with fibrous dysplasia.

Malignant Tumors (e.g., Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma): Although less common, these aggressive tumors can present with jaw lesions and must be ruled out due to their significant impact on prognosis and treatment.
Paget's Disease of Bone: A chronic condition that can lead to enlarged and misshapen bones, including the jaw. It's crucial to differentiate from fibrous dysplasia due to its potential for malignant transformation.

Ossifying Fibroma: A rare, benign tumor of the jaw that can cause significant bone expansion and may be confused with fibrous dysplasia.
Pindborg Tumor (Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor): A rare odontogenic tumor that can present with jaw lesions and must be considered in the differential diagnosis due to its unique characteristics and treatment approach.