What causes bursa pain (bursitis)?

From the Guidelines

Bursa pain, or bursitis, is primarily caused by repetitive motion, pressure, infection, or underlying conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, leading to inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion bones, tendons, and muscles near joints. The management of bursitis involves a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Non-pharmacological interventions include rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) for the affected area, as well as avoiding movements that worsen the pain and using padding or cushioning to protect the affected bursa 1. Some key points to consider in the management of bursitis include:

• Taking over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen or naproxen to reduce pain and inflammation
• Applying ice for 15-20 minutes several times daily, especially after activity
• Gentle stretching and strengthening exercises can help once acute pain subsides
• For persistent symptoms lasting more than two weeks despite these measures, consulting a healthcare provider as corticosteroid injections or physical therapy may be necessary
• In severe cases, aspiration of fluid from the bursa or surgical intervention might be required, such as resection of the prominent posterior superior aspect of the calcaneus and inflamed bursa, as indicated in the treatment of heel pain 1. It is essential to note that neurologic heel pain can occur due to irritation or entrapment of one or more nerves innervating the heel, and more proximal nerve impingement syndromes can also cause pain in the heel or absence of sensation in the heel and/or foot 1. Overall, the goal of treatment is to reduce pain and inflammation, promote healing, and prevent future episodes of bursitis, with the choice of treatment depending on the severity and cause of the condition.

From the Research

Causes of Bursa Pain (Bursitis)

Bursitis is a common cause of musculoskeletal pain, and its causes can be varied. The following are some of the common causes of bursitis:

• Trauma or injury to the affected area 2, 3, 4
• Infection, which can lead to septic bursitis 2, 3
• Repetitive motion or overuse of the affected joint 2, 4
• Poor posture or biomechanics 5

Types of Bursitis

There are several types of bursitis, including:

• Prepatellar bursitis, which affects the knee 2, 4
• Olecranon bursitis, which affects the elbow 2, 3
• Trochanteric bursitis, which affects the hip 2, 5
• Retrocalcaneal bursitis, which affects the ankle 2
• Subacromial bursitis, which affects the shoulder 6

Risk Factors

Certain factors can increase the risk of developing bursitis, including:

• Age, with older adults being more susceptible 2, 5
• Occupation, with jobs that involve repetitive motion or heavy lifting being more likely to cause bursitis 2, 4
• Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout 2, 3